RAS Chemistry & Material ScienceЖурнал аналитической химии Journal of Analytical Chemistry

  • ISSN (Print) 0044-4502
  • ISSN (Online) 3034-512X

IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF CARBAZOLES IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC OILS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH THERMIONIC DETECTION

PII
S3034512X25120097-1
DOI
10.7868/S3034512X25120097
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Volume/ Edition
Volume 80 / Issue number 12
Pages
1369-1378
Abstract
A modified sample preparation method for oils for the determination of carbazoles is proposed, involving deasphalting of oil by settling a sample of oil in a 40-fold excess of n-hexane for one day and using non-modified silica gel instead of argentated. In this case, carbazoles are eluted in one fraction. Conditions for the identification and determination of carbazole, 9-methyl-, and 9-ethylcarbazole by gas chromatography with thermionic detection were selected, and the analytical characteristics of the method were established. The choice of 3-nitro-9-methylcarbazole as an internal standard for carbazole determination was justified, and its synthesis was performed. The presence and quantity of carbazoles in oils from different fields and in a synthetic oil sample were assessed. A comparison of carbazole determination results in natural oils using the external standard method, internal standard, and additions was conducted. It was shown that all methods yield the same results within the error limits. The carbazole content in natural oils for the studied samples was found to be in the range of 0.14–2.61 mg/kg. 9-Ethylcarbazole was detected in four oil samples.
Keywords
карбазолы в нефтях метод ГХ-ТИД
Date of publication
23.01.2026
Year of publication
2026
Number of purchasers
0
Views
83

References

  1. 1. Oliveira E.C., Vazde Campos M.C., Rodrigues M.R.A., Pérez V.F., Melecchi M.I.S., Vale M.G.R., Zini C.A., Caramão E.B. Identification of alkyl carbazoles and alkyl benzocarbazoles in Brazilian petroleum derivatives // J. Chromatogr. A. 2006. V. 1105. № 1. P. 186.
  2. 2. Gutierrez D., Malloy T., Curiale J., Bissada A. Quantitative analysis of carbazoles and hydrocarbons in condensates and oils using comprehensive GC-MS/MS and comparative GC-MS analyses // Org. Geochem. 2022. V. 171. Article 104465.
  3. 3. Machado M.E. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds in fossil fuels: A review // Talanta. 2019. V. 198. P. 263.
  4. 4. Von Mühlen C., de Oliveira E. C., Morrison P.D., Zini C.A., Caramão E.B., Marriott P.J. Qualitative and quantitative study of nitrogen-containing compounds in heavy gas oil using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection // J. Sep. Sci. 2007. V. 30. № 18. P. 3223.
  5. 5. Tang Y., Wang R., Zhang D., Liu X.-Q., Li H., Xu T., Zhang Y., Zhang C., Huang Y., Wang T. Carbazoles in oils, and their application in identifying oil filling pathways in eocene syn-rift fault blocks in the Dongpu depression, Bohai bay basin, East China // ACS Omega. 2022. V. 7. № 9. P. 8103.
  6. 6. Lu Z., Chen Z., Ping H., Chen H., Chen X. A small-scale silica gel column chromatography method for separating carbazole compounds from highly mature crude oil // J. Chromatogr. A. 2024. V. 1713. Article 464536.
  7. 7. Chen W.-L., Xie Z., Wolschke H., Gandrass J., Köllker D., Winkelmann M., Ebinghaus R. Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment // Chemosphere. 2016. V. 150. P. 586.
QR
Translate

Индексирование

Scopus

Scopus

Scopus

Crossref

Scopus

Higher Attestation Commission

At the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Scopus

Scientific Electronic Library